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 INRA/DIB-AGIB/EDP Sciences, 2010

DOI: 10.1051/apido/2010050

Original article

Nest site selection in the European wool-carder bee,

Anthidium manicatum, with methods for an emerging

model species*

Ansel Pay n e

,DustinA.Schildroth

,PhilipT.Sta r k s

Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, NY 10024 New York, USA

Department of Psychology, University of New England, ME 04005 Biddeford, USA

Department of Biology, Tufts University, MA 02155 Medford, USA

Received 6 February 2010 – Revised 11 May 2010 – Accepted 12 May 2010

Abstract – For many organisms, choosing an appropriate nest site is a critical component of reproductive

ﬁtness. Here we examine nest site selection in the solitary, resource defense polygynous bee, Anthidium

manicatum. Using a wood-framed screen enclosure outﬁtted with food sources, nesting materials, and bam-

boo trap nests, we show that female bees prefer to initiate nests in sites located high above the ground.

We also show that nest sites located at higher levels are less likely to contain spiderwebs, suggesting an

adaptive explanation for nest site height preferences. We report size diﬀerences between this study’s source

populations in Boston, Massachusetts and Brooklyn, New York; male bees collected in Boston have smaller

mean head widths than males collected in Brooklyn. Finally, we argue that methods for studying captive

populations of A. manicatum hold great promise for research into sexual selection, alternative phenotypes,

recognition systems, and the evolution of nesting behavior.

Megachilidae / introduced species / solitary bee / enclosure methods

1. INTRODUCTION

The European wool-carder bee, Anthidiu m

manicatum (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), is

a Palearctic solitary bee species best known

for its hyper-aggressive males and resource de-

fense polygynous mating system (Ward, 1928;

Pechuman, 1967; Severinghaus et al., 1981;

Starks and Reeve, 1999). Males obtain and de-

fend ﬂoral territories that females visit for food

resources and nesting materials (Kurtak, 1973;

Severinghaus et al., 1981; Müller, 1987); in

the process, they routinely attack both con-

speciﬁc males and heterospeciﬁc pollinators,

sometimes lethally injuring the latter (Ward,

1928; Severingaus et al., 1981; Wirtz et al.,

1988). A. manicatum also exhibits a male-

Corresponding author: A. Payne,

[email protected]vard.edu

* Manuscript editor: Klaus Hartfelder

biased sexual size dimorphism unusual among

bees (Darwin, 1871; Severinghaus et al., 1981;

Shreeves and Field, 2008). Previous research

has shown that male size correlates with mat-

ing success (Müller, 1987;StarksandReeve,

1999), and that small males routinely adopt

alternative mating tactics if unable to wrest

control of territories from larger rivals (Starks

and Reeve, 1999). All of these reasons, along

with the bee’s status as an introduced species

in North America, South America, and New

Zealand (Gibbs and Sheﬃeld, 2009), make A.

manicatum a promising system for the study of

sexual selection, alternative phenotypes, and

invasion ecology.

Less appreciated is the species’ potential

as a model organism in studies of aculeate

nesting behavior and of the recognition sys-

tems that make it possible. A. manicatum

is a member of the Anthidiini, a tribe of

Apidologie (2011) 42: –181 191

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Page 1 - Original article

c INRA/DIB-AGIB/EDP Sciences, 2010DOI: 10.1051/apido/2010050Original articleNest site selection in the European wool-carder bee,Anthidium manicatum,

Page 2

Tufts, Dr. Frances Chew and Dr. Sara Lewis loanedequipment and provided feedback, Tegan Mortonassisted with collections at the Brooklyn ﬁeld site,and

Page 3 - 2.3. Trap nesting

Nest site selection in Anthidium manicatumShreeves G., Field J. (2008) Parental care and sexualsize dimorphism in wasps and bees, Behav. Ecol.Sociobio

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megachilid bees that engage in elaborate andhighly derived nesting behaviors (Melander,1902; Michener, 2000). Some of these gen-era, e.g. Dianthidium,

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Nest site selection in Anthidium manicatumL. (Scrophulariaceae), Digitalis purpurea L. (Scro-phulariaceae), Artemisia sp. L. (Asteraceae); atBrooklyn

Page 6 - A. Payne et al

Figure 2. A completed nest opened by the authors on 9 October 2009. This nest contained loose ﬂocculenceat the distal end of the tube (A), followed by

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Nest site selection in Anthidium manicatumFigure 4. Mean head widths (+/– 1 SE), arranged by location and sex. Males from the Brooklyn populationwere

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Figure 5. Cumulative introductions of bees and surviving bee populations by date. We surveyed bees atirregular intervals throughout the ﬁeld season to

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Nest site selection in Anthidium manicatumFigure 6. Number of pubescence containing trap nests arranged by height level. Bees showed a signiﬁcantprefe

Page 10 - REFERENCES

Figure 8. Number of trap nests with spiderwebs constructed either on or in the trap entrance, arranged byheight category. High traps were signiﬁcantly

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Nest site selection in Anthidium manicatumseveral species visited by A. manicatum;bycontrast, the Longfellow National Historic Sitecontains a single f

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